In 2022, Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin had to answer key questions. Can I replace complex Ethereum components for something safer and easier? At the time, the answer was no. But three years later, the answer may have changed, but it’s exciting.
What is the problem?
Ethereum is being updated to accommodate more users and data. To achieve this, we employ a technique called Data Availability Sampling (DAS). Consider DAS as a way to verify all data that actually exists with information added to the blockchain without downloading.
Yes, we absolutely need to replace KZG with hash-based ones.
Quantum resistance needs it anyway.
– vitalik.eth (@vitalikbuterin) April 23, 2025
Ethereum uses what is called KZG Combutments. This is essentially a sophisticated tool and helps you demonstrate that your data is accurate without revealing it all and working. Problem: KZG requires a reliable setup, including a unique opportunity for participants to submit any data.
If that configuration issues occur, the entire system can be at risk. With over 141,000 users, Ethereum has run the largest and safe, reliable setup to date, but many people feel uneasy about their trust in this way.
A better choice?
Instead of using sophisticated tools and reliable setups, a recent research paper suggests better ways. It uses a simple mathematics-based check. This led the group to develop Frida. This is a new approach to trust-independent blockchain data verification. The large-scale project they developed, Mikan will support blockchains to process data more securely and effectively, especially recent projects such as rollups and Bitcoin add-ons.
Mikan doesn’t require a reliable setup, works well with zero-recognition technology, and uses less internet bandwidth on small devices. Blockchain could be more open, fair, secure and unable to rely on trust thanks to this new strategy. If it works, it will be very beneficial for future Ethereum Bitcoin and other blockchains.
