The Starknet team, Ethereum’s second layer (L2) network, announced the rollout of S2morrow, a tool that allows users to create and use accounts (wallets) using post-quantum cryptography, and is now operational.
The S2morrow implementation did not include any protocol changes, the announcement said. This tool is available on the s2morrow.xyz website and can be used by anyone with technical knowledge. Generate post-quantum key, Sign transactions and deploy your account Use that type of cipher on your main network.
Accounts created on S2morrow use Falcon-512, a transaction signature scheme based on lattices, a mathematical structure thought to be resistant to Shor’s quantum algorithm (the way a sufficiently powerful quantum computer derives a private key from a public key).
The Falcon-512 was standardized by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in 2024 after years of international review. The S2morrow account is working fine on Starknet. But verify the signature with that scheme Instead of the ECDSA algorithm, it is the standard for Bitcoin, Ethereum, and many other networks.
Eli Ben-Sasson, co-founder of StarkWare Industries, which is developing Starknet, called the announcement a concrete step toward quantum resistance, saying, “Starknet will be quantum-ready.”
Why didn’t Starknet need a fork?
Because Starknet is a smart contract where each account (wallet) defines its own validation rules, no changes were required to the deployment. Contains a cryptographic signature scheme that accepts. Changing cryptocurrencies is the same as rolling out a new contract.
Bitcoin and Ethereum have cryptographic signature schemes built into their underlying protocols. Changing this requires adjusting and updating the entire network. Validators, clients, exchanges, and applications will need to adopt the new scheme at the same time. This is a process that takes years and concentrates significant adjustment risk.
Starknet works differently. Its architecture incorporates native account abstraction, a design in which each wallet is an independent smart contract that defines its own security rules, such as the cryptographic signature schemes it accepts, rather than inheriting them from a protocol. According to the statement, this: Post-quantum transition in a step-by-step process Users can move when they are ready, different schemes can coexist on the same network, and there is no need to coordinate a single cut-off date.
What is missing for the end user?
S2morrow is not yet available to general users. The statement acknowledges that the only current barrier to widespread adoption is wallet integration. Until now, popular Starknet wallets such as Argent and Braavos Public support for this type of account has not yet been announced.
Once migrated, users will be able to easily migrate from traditional ECDSA accounts to post-quantum accounts without interruption. However, integrating new encryption schemes into production wallets requires security audits, interface changes, and compatibility determinations.
Google report with accelerated deadlines
Quantum threats are no longer a distant theoretical concern. Google has specified that the transition to a post-quantum architecture must occur by 2029.
Additionally, as reported by CriptoNoticias, the Google Quantum AI team published research on March 30th that reduces the quantum resources required to decrypt Bitcoin by almost 20 times. According to the report, a quantum computer could potentially crack Bitcoin’s public key. Average block mining time less than 9 minutesfewer than 500,000 physical qubits. This makes it technically possible to intercept transactions in transit before they are confirmed on-chain.
In this framework, S2morrow represents a possible route for Starknet users to protect themselves from quantum threats, demonstrating that an architecture that separates encryption from the underlying protocol allows them to move without waiting for anyone.
