It exists I released that first draft vprogs yellow paper September 11, 2025. This document provides details about the verifiable program or VPROG protocol. Layer 1 Network.
This framework aims to support distributed applications while maintaining high block production rates for the network. Announcement was shared via AN Post by X @dailykaspawill be coming one day before the Caspa Experience Meeting in Berlin. There, developers and community members will discuss the project roadmap.
Kaspa BlockDag Architecture Background
Kaspa is different from linear blockchains like this: Bitcoin or Ethereum. It uses a block doug. This allows multiple blocks to be referenced to each other in parallel, reducing the need for orphan blocks during mining. This design is based on the GhostDag protocol developed by Yonatan Sompolinsky, and extends the Nakamoto Consensus to accommodate higher block rates without compromising security.
Currently, Kaspa Process 10 blocks per secondthere are plans to increase this to 32 blocks per second, potentially increasing it to 100 over the long term. Normally, confirmation occurs within 1-10 seconds, but the main limitation is network latency rather than on-chain processing. This results in theoretical throughput of over 10,000 transactions per second, with 3-7 transactions per 3-7 transactions in Bitcoin, or 15-30 transactions in Ethereum at Layer 1 before sharding exceeding 15-30 transactions per second.
The network relies on job proof consensus to help miners solve computational puzzles and add blocks. Transaction fees and block fees will be paid What tokenKaspa network’s native cryptocurrency. Kaspa was launched in 2021 with a fair distribution model, shunning venture capital funds that contributed to community-driven development.
Kaspa mainly serves as the basic layer of payments and data payments, and incorporates standards like the KRC-20 into Fungible Tokens. Until the VPROGS proposal, native support for smart contracts was lacking and relied on simpler scripts for basic operations.
What is Kaspa vprogs?
VProgs, short for Verifiable Programs, allows you to see results in layer 1 of Kaspa, while introducing a system for running complex logic from the main chain. Each VProg acts as a self-contained unit, managing its own states and migration rules, as well as its program functions. Solana However, there is an additional verification of the Zero Knowledge Proof.
Zero knowledge proof allows the prober to demonstrate the correctness of the calculation without disclosing the underlying data. In VPROGS, these proofs are submitted periodically to Layer 1 to verify the integrity of off-chain activity. This approach keeps the main chain light and focuses on validation rather than execution, with a focus on caspa speed and efficiency.
Yellow Paper Draft, version 0.0.1, describes VPROGS as enabling “sovereign yet configurable” applications. Sovereignty means that each VPROG has independent control over internal operations, including read permissions. Composite allows one VPROG to read another, facilitating interactions like cross-application transactions, but is limited to VPROGs created to avoid conflict.
The development of VPROG goes back to the August 2025 discussion thread at the Kaspa Research Forum addressed by contributors. The challenge of synchronism complexityincluding delays in proof and resource sharing. The draft incorporates feedback from these sessions, but many elements are refined, including the account creation process and the data pruning mechanism.
VPROG’s core technology features
Several mechanisms that underpin the capabilities of VPROGS, designed to handle dependencies and efficiency in high-throughput environments:
Proof stitching: Proof Stitching combines multiple zero-knowledge proofs from interconnected VProgs into a single commitment and submits them to Layer 1. This supports application-wide atomic transactions where results resolve simultaneously without intermediate delays typical in rollup-based systems.
Conditional Proof Batch: Conditional proof batches group transactions associated with groups for collective proofs that reduce computation overhead. For example, in a defi scenario that involves multiple swaps, reduce the number of individual proofs that need to be batched.
Calculation date: Computational DAG forms dependency graphs in the application layer and mirrors Kaspa’s block doug structure. Tracks data flows between VPROGs, ensuring that referenced information remains available and the execution order is maintained during parallel processing. This graph helps prevent overloading with a sequence of dependent operations.
Resource Meter: Resource meter introduces controls to manage costs. Internally, each VPROG uses its own Layer 2 gas model for calculations. Layer 1 charges based on cross-VPROG interactions in Scopegas meters, data dependencies to prevent spam or excessive resource usage.
Economic Model: The economic model of VPROG relies on nodes that generate and submit evidence to earn fees from users. The ensuring active or timely proof works through two modes. Provers is optimistic about sovereigns where applications run independently or the application is optimistic. This setup encourages participation without relying on an intensive coordinator.
Privacy Features: Privacy features emerge naturally from zero knowledge proofs and enable encrypted state in applications such as confidential transactions and Oracle. The framework supports a variety of use cases by pinning verifiable output to Kaspa’s quick confirmation times, from micropayments to enterprise data payments.
Caspa Experience Meeting in Berlin
VPROGS announcement matches Caspa experienceCommunity meeting scheduled for September 13th, 2025 at Atelier Gardens in Berlin. This one-day event is limited to 500 tickets, limited to $150 and $50 afterparty fees, so you will need to pay with Kas tokens, marking the early real-world application of event logistics cryptocurrency, including food, drinks, and merchandise.
The agenda features core developer keynotes, such as Sompolinsky on GhostDag’s advancements, a panel on smart contract integration, and workshops focusing on practical implementations. Hackathons encourage prototyping along with Kaspa Art Expo, which demonstrates the creative use of the network. Although dedicated VPROGS sessions will not appear in the schedule, the event press material highlights Kaspa’s programmable layers as the basis for debt and payment systems, suggesting informal discussions about the new framework.
Participants drawn from miners, merchants and developers network in settings that emphasize the decentralized spirit of caspa. The conference represents the first major in-person meeting in the project and is built on an online forum and telegram channel for collaboration.
Issues and implementation timeline
The implementation of VPROG includes hurdles common to zero-knowledge systems. Proof generation can potentially be introduced despite high block speeds at kaspa. Developers need to address virtual machine compatibility to facilitate porting from environments such as Ethereum virtual machines.
Forum contributors simulate gas sharing models to mitigate externalities. Data availability in computational DAGs must be carefully designed to avoid centralization risk.
The timeline from the August discussion showed the rollout of the testnet by the fourth quarter of 2025, following community feedback on the draft. The complete mainnet integration relies on audit and performance benchmarks, with pruning and accounting mechanisms scheduled for future revisions.
Compared to Ethereum rollups that can break fluidity between layers, or Solana’s on-chain execution that tests throughput limits, VProgs is trying to integrate verifiable calculations directly into the proof-of-work base layer. This will maintain decentralization while taking advantage of parallel block production.
Conclusion
VPROGS equips Kaspa with off-chain execution tools validated with zero knowledge proofs, such as proof sutures for composability, computational DAGs for dependency management, and ScopeGA for resource control.
These factors allow applications to operate scalarly on a network that checks blocks every few seconds, supporting use cases from DEFI to data payments without compromising Layer 1 security.
source:
- Articles about kaspa daily x vprogs: https://x.com/dailykaspa/status/1966149209968505132
- VPROGS Yellow Paper Draft v0.0.1: https://github.com/kaspanet/research/blob/main/vprogs/vprogs_yellow_paper.pdf
- Kaspa Research Forum Thread on Synchronization Combination: https://research.kas.pa/t/concrete-proposal-for-a-syslonally-composable-verifiable-programs-architecture/387
- Caspa experience in Berlin: https://experience.kaspa.events/
